遍历LDR链表实现shellcode加载

shellcode是不依赖环境，放到任何地方都可以执行的机器码。shellcode的应用场景很多，本文不研究shellcode的具体应用，而只是研究编写一个shellcode需要掌握哪些知识。

0x00 前言

shellcode是不依赖环境，放到任何地方都可以执行的机器码。shellcode的应用场景很多，本文不研究shellcode的具体应用，而只是研究编写一个shellcode需要掌握哪些知识。

0x01 ShellCode编写原则

1、不能有全局变量**

因为我们编写shellcode时，使用的全局变量是自己的进程里面的全局变量，注入到别的进程里，这个地址就没用了。

2、不能使用常量字符串**

和第一点原因一样，字符串常量值也是全局变量，注入到别的进程里，根本没有这个字符串。

要使用字符串，需要使用字符数组。

char s[] = {'1','2',0};

3、不能直接调用系统函数**

调用系统函数的方式是间接调用(FF15)，需要从IAT表里获取API地址，每个进程的IAT表位置不同，且对方的进程可能没有导入你需要调用的函数的DLL，那么你是不能调用这个系统函数的。

所以我们需要用到 LoadLibrary 和 GetProcAddress 这两个函数，来动态获取系统API的函数指针。

但是 LoadLibrary，GetProcAddress 本身就是系统函数，它们本身就依赖IAT表，咋办呢？

解决方案是这样的：通过FS:[0x30] 找到PEB，然后通过PEB里的LDR链表 [PEB+0x0C]找到 kernel32.dll 的地址，然后我们遍历它的 IAT表，找到 LoadLibrary 和 GetProcAddress 函数。

4、不能嵌套调用其他函数**

和前两点道理是一样的，本进程里的函数地址，拿到别的进程的虚拟地址空间是无效的。

0x02 TEB/PEB

每个线程都有一个TEB结构来存储线程的一些属性结构，TEB的地址用fs:[0]来获取

image-20220214100731251.png

在0x30这个地址有一个指针指向PEB结构，PEB就是进程用来记录自己信息的一个结构

image-20220214100850094.png

完整结构如下

image-20220214101109806.png

在PEB的0x00c偏移有一个 Ldr _PEB_LDR_DATA结构跟进去

image-20220214101230643.png

可以得到3个结构如下所示

InLoadOrderModuleList：模块加载的顺序

InMemoryOrderModuleList：模块在内存的顺序

InInitializationOrderModuleList：模块初始化的顺序

​

image-20220217185640234.png

0x03 思路

我们一般使用api会直接使用LoadLibrary和GetProcessAddress，但是这里肯定会依赖IAT表，所以这里我们就需要自己实现api所完成的功能

TEB -> PEB -> PEB + 0x0C -> Ldr _PEB_LDR_DATA -> InLoadOrderModuleList -> kernel32.dll -> 导出表定位GetProcessAddress -> 通过找到的GetProcessAddress实现LoadLibrary

0x04 实现过程

首先我们自己定义几个结构体，因为我们不依赖系统自己实现

typedef struct _UNICODE_STRING {
    USHORT Length;
    USHORT MaximumLength;
    PWSTR  Buffer;
} UNICODE_STRING, *PUNICODE_STRING;

typedef struct _PEB_LDR_DATA
{
    DWORD Length;
    bool Initialized;
    PVOID SsHandle; 
    LIST_ENTRY InLoadOrderModuleList;
    LIST_ENTRY InMemoryOrderModuleList;
    LIST_ENTRY InInitializationOrderModuleList;
} PEB_LDR_DATA,*PPEB_LDR_DATA;

typedef struct _LDR_DATA_TABLE_ENTRY
{
    LIST_ENTRY InLoadOrderLinks;
    LIST_ENTRY InMemoryOrderLinks;
    LIST_ENTRY InInitializationOrderLinks;
    PVOID DllBase;
    PVOID EntryPoint;
    UINT32 SizeOfImage;
    UNICODE_STRING FullDllName;
    UNICODE_STRING BaseDllName;
    UINT32 Flags;
    USHORT LoadCount;
    USHORT TlsIndex;
    LIST_ENTRY HashLinks;
    PVOID SectionPointer;
    UINT32 CheckSum;
    UINT32 TimeDateStamp;
    PVOID LoadedImports;
    PVOID EntryPointActivationContext;
    PVOID PatchInformation;
} LDR_DATA_TABLE_ENTRY, *PLDR_DATA_TABLE_ENTRY;

typedef HMODULE (WINAPI * PLOADLIBRARY)(LPCSTR);
typedef DWORD (WINAPI * PGETPROCADDRESS)(HMODULE, LPCSTR);
typedef DWORD (WINAPI * PMESSAGEBOX)(HWND, LPCSTR,LPCSTR,UINT);

然后定义shellcode，这里因为kernel32.dll是unicode字符串所以用两字节存储

    char szKernel32[] = {'k',0,'e',0,'r',0,'n',0,'e',0,'l',0,'3',0,'2',0,'.',0,'d',0,'l',0,'l',0,0,0}; // Unicode
    char szUser32[] = {'u','s','e','r','3','2','.','d','l','l',0};
    char szGetProcAddress[] = {'G','e','t','P','r','o','c','A','d','d','r','e','s','s',0};
    char szLoadLibrary[] = {'L','o','a','d','L','i','b','r','a','r','y','A',0};
    char szMessageBox[] = {'M','e','s','s','a','g','e','B','o','x','A',0};
    char szHelloShellCode[] = {'H','e','l','l','o','S','h','e','l','l','C','o','d','e',0};

找到InLoadOrderModuleList存入寄存器

    __asm
    {
        mov eax,fs:[0x30] // PEB
        mov eax,[eax+0x0C] // PEB->LDR
        add eax,0x0C    // LDR->InLoadOrderModuleList
        mov pBeg,eax
        mov eax,[eax]
        mov pPLD,eax
    }

找到kernel32.dll，通过遍历的方式来寻找，通过LDR指向DllBase获取基址

image-20220217112719053.png

    // Find Kerner32.dll
    while (pPLD != pBeg)
    {
        pLast = (WORD*)pPLD->BaseDllName.Buffer;
        pFirst = (WORD*)szKernel32;

        while (*pFirst && *pLast == *pFirst)
            pFirst++,pLast++;

        if (*pFirst == *pLast)
        {
            dwKernelBase = (DWORD)pPLD->DllBase;
            break;
        }
        pPLD = (LDR_DATA_TABLE_ENTRY*)pPLD->InLoadOrderLinks.Flink;
    }

然后通过指针定位到导出表

        // 通过指针定位到导出表
        PIMAGE_DOS_HEADER pDosHeader = (PIMAGE_DOS_HEADER)dwKernelBase;
        PIMAGE_NT_HEADERS pNTHeader = (PIMAGE_NT_HEADERS)((DWORD)pDosHeader + pDosHeader->e_lfanew);
        PIMAGE_FILE_HEADER pPEHeader = (PIMAGE_FILE_HEADER)((DWORD)pDosHeader + pDosHeader->e_lfanew + 4);
        PIMAGE_OPTIONAL_HEADER32 pOptionHeader = (PIMAGE_OPTIONAL_HEADER32)((DWORD)pPEHeader + sizeof(/images/shellcode/image_FILE_HEADER));
        PIMAGE_SECTION_HEADER pSectionHeader = (PIMAGE_SECTION_HEADER)((DWORD)pOptionHeader + pPEHeader->SizeOfOptionalHeader);
        PIMAGE_EXPORT_DIRECTORY pExportDirectory = (PIMAGE_EXPORT_DIRECTORY)((DWORD)dwKernelBase + pOptionHeader->DataDirectory[0].VirtualAddress);

        // 导出函数地址表RVA
        DWORD *pAddOfFun_Raw = (DWORD*)((DWORD)dwKernelBase + pExportDirectory->AddressOfFunctions);
        // 导出函数名称表RVA
        WORD *pAddOfOrd_Raw = (WORD*)((DWORD)dwKernelBase + pExportDirectory->AddressOfNameOrdinals);
        // 导出函数序号表RVA
        DWORD *pAddOfNames_Raw = (DWORD*)((DWORD)dwKernelBase + pExportDirectory->AddressOfNames);

还是通过遍历找到GetProcessAddress，用指针指向这个地址

        DWORD dwCnt = 0;
        char* pFinded = NULL, *pSrc = szGetProcAddress;

        for (; dwCnt < pExportDirectory->NumberOfNames;dwCnt++)
        {
            pFinded = (char*)((DWORD)dwKernelBase + pAddOfNames_Raw[dwCnt]);

            while (*pFinded && *pFinded == *pSrc)
                pFinded++, pSrc++;

            if (*pFinded == *pSrc)
            {
                pGetProcAddress = (PGETPROCADDRESS)(pAddOfFun_Raw[pAddOfOrd_Raw[dwCnt]] + (DWORD)dwKernelBase);
                break;
            }
            pSrc = szGetProcAddress;
        }

然后就可以使用pGetProcessAddress实现LoadLibrary和MessageBox

    // 通过pGetProcAddress进行调用
    pLoadLibrary = (PLOADLIBRARY)pGetProcAddress((HMODULE)dwKernelBase, szLoadLibrary);
    pMessageBox = (PMESSAGEBOX)pGetProcAddress(pLoadLibrary(szUser32),szMessageBox);

    pMessageBox(NULL,szHelloShellCode,0,MB_OK);

完整代码如下

// shellcode.cpp : Defines the entry point for the console application.
//

#include "stdafx.h"
#include <windows.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>

typedef struct _UNICODE_STRING {
    USHORT Length;
    USHORT MaximumLength;
    PWSTR  Buffer;
} UNICODE_STRING, *PUNICODE_STRING;

typedef struct _PEB_LDR_DATA
{
    DWORD Length;
    bool Initialized;
    PVOID SsHandle; 
    LIST_ENTRY InLoadOrderModuleList;
    LIST_ENTRY InMemoryOrderModuleList;
    LIST_ENTRY InInitializationOrderModuleList;
} PEB_LDR_DATA,*PPEB_LDR_DATA;

typedef struct _LDR_DATA_TABLE_ENTRY
{
    LIST_ENTRY InLoadOrderLinks;
    LIST_ENTRY InMemoryOrderLinks;
    LIST_ENTRY InInitializationOrderLinks;
    PVOID DllBase;
    PVOID EntryPoint;
    UINT32 SizeOfImage;
    UNICODE_STRING FullDllName;
    UNICODE_STRING BaseDllName;
    UINT32 Flags;
    USHORT LoadCount;
    USHORT TlsIndex;
    LIST_ENTRY HashLinks;
    PVOID SectionPointer;
    UINT32 CheckSum;
    UINT32 TimeDateStamp;
    PVOID LoadedImports;
    PVOID EntryPointActivationContext;
    PVOID PatchInformation;
} LDR_DATA_TABLE_ENTRY, *PLDR_DATA_TABLE_ENTRY;

typedef HMODULE (WINAPI * PLOADLIBRARY)(LPCSTR);
typedef DWORD (WINAPI * PGETPROCADDRESS)(HMODULE, LPCSTR);
typedef DWORD (WINAPI * PMESSAGEBOX)(HWND, LPCSTR,LPCSTR,UINT);

DWORD WINAPI ShellCode();

int main(int argc, char* argv[])
{
    ShellCode();

    getchar();
    return 0;
}

DWORD WINAPI ShellCode()
{
    PGETPROCADDRESS pGetProcAddress = NULL;
    PLOADLIBRARY pLoadLibrary = NULL;
    PMESSAGEBOX  pMessageBox = NULL;
    PLDR_DATA_TABLE_ENTRY pPLD;
    PLDR_DATA_TABLE_ENTRY pBeg;
    WORD *pFirst = NULL;
    WORD *pLast = NULL;
    DWORD ret = 0, i = 0;
    DWORD dwKernelBase = 0;

    char szKernel32[] = {'k',0,'e',0,'r',0,'n',0,'e',0,'l',0,'3',0,'2',0,'.',0,'d',0,'l',0,'l',0,0,0}; // Unicode
    char szUser32[] = {'u','s','e','r','3','2','.','d','l','l',0};
    char szGetProcAddress[] = {'G','e','t','P','r','o','c','A','d','d','r','e','s','s',0};
    char szLoadLibrary[] = {'L','o','a','d','L','i','b','r','a','r','y','A',0};
    char szMessageBox[] = {'M','e','s','s','a','g','e','B','o','x','A',0};
    char szHelloShellCode[] = {'H','e','l','l','o','S','h','e','l','l','C','o','d','e',0};

    __asm
    {
        mov eax,fs:[0x30] // PEB
        mov eax,[eax+0x0C] // PEB->LDR
        add eax,0x0C    // LDR->InLoadOrderModuleList
        mov pBeg,eax
        mov eax,[eax]
        mov pPLD,eax
    }

    // Find Kerner32.dll
    while (pPLD != pBeg)
    {
        pLast = (WORD*)pPLD->BaseDllName.Buffer;
        pFirst = (WORD*)szKernel32;

        while (*pFirst && *pLast == *pFirst)
            pFirst++,pLast++;

        if (*pFirst == *pLast)
        {
            dwKernelBase = (DWORD)pPLD->DllBase;
            break;
        }
        pPLD = (LDR_DATA_TABLE_ENTRY*)pPLD->InLoadOrderLinks.Flink;
    }

    // Kernel32.dll -> GetProcAddress
    if (dwKernelBase != 0)
    {
        // 通过指针定位到导出表
        PIMAGE_DOS_HEADER pDosHeader = (PIMAGE_DOS_HEADER)dwKernelBase;
        PIMAGE_NT_HEADERS pNTHeader = (PIMAGE_NT_HEADERS)((DWORD)pDosHeader + pDosHeader->e_lfanew);
        PIMAGE_FILE_HEADER pPEHeader = (PIMAGE_FILE_HEADER)((DWORD)pDosHeader + pDosHeader->e_lfanew + 4);
        PIMAGE_OPTIONAL_HEADER32 pOptionHeader = (PIMAGE_OPTIONAL_HEADER32)((DWORD)pPEHeader + sizeof(/images/shellcode/image_FILE_HEADER));
        PIMAGE_SECTION_HEADER pSectionHeader = (PIMAGE_SECTION_HEADER)((DWORD)pOptionHeader + pPEHeader->SizeOfOptionalHeader);
        PIMAGE_EXPORT_DIRECTORY pExportDirectory = (PIMAGE_EXPORT_DIRECTORY)((DWORD)dwKernelBase + pOptionHeader->DataDirectory[0].VirtualAddress);

        // 导出函数地址表RVA
        DWORD *pAddOfFun_Raw = (DWORD*)((DWORD)dwKernelBase + pExportDirectory->AddressOfFunctions);
        // 导出函数名称表RVA
        WORD *pAddOfOrd_Raw = (WORD*)((DWORD)dwKernelBase + pExportDirectory->AddressOfNameOrdinals);
        // 导出函数序号表RVA
        DWORD *pAddOfNames_Raw = (DWORD*)((DWORD)dwKernelBase + pExportDirectory->AddressOfNames);

        DWORD dwCnt = 0;
        char* pFinded = NULL, *pSrc = szGetProcAddress;

        for (; dwCnt < pExportDirectory->NumberOfNames;dwCnt++)
        {
            pFinded = (char*)((DWORD)dwKernelBase + pAddOfNames_Raw[dwCnt]);

            while (*pFinded && *pFinded == *pSrc)
                pFinded++, pSrc++;

            if (*pFinded == *pSrc)
            {
                pGetProcAddress = (PGETPROCADDRESS)(pAddOfFun_Raw[pAddOfOrd_Raw[dwCnt]] + (DWORD)dwKernelBase);
                break;
            }
            pSrc = szGetProcAddress;
        }

    }

    // 通过pGetProcAddress进行调用
    pLoadLibrary = (PLOADLIBRARY)pGetProcAddress((HMODULE)dwKernelBase, szLoadLibrary);
    pMessageBox = (PMESSAGEBOX)pGetProcAddress(pLoadLibrary(szUser32),szMessageBox);

    pMessageBox(NULL,szHelloShellCode,0,MB_OK);

    return 0;
}

成功弹窗

image-20220217113020990.png

这里我们进反汇编看一下，是有检测堆栈平衡的代码的

image-20220217113109918.png

在物理机里面查看也是有的

image-20220217113326459.png

这里关闭一下堆栈平衡的检测，默认情况如下

image-20220217113408424.png

修改为禁用安全检查

image-20220217113434792.png

即可生成没有检查堆栈平衡的代码

image-20220217113457999.png

  • 发表于 2022-06-06 09:36:30
  • 阅读 ( 7130 )
  • 分类：漏洞分析

1 条评论

热心网友小赵
大佬，可以留一个联系方式吗，在网上看了很多关于shellcode编写的教程，你这个还是我看到的最能理解和清晰的，可是我还是有几个小问题想问问。
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